All praise and gratitude should we pray to Allah SWT, because overabundance of grace and His mercy so The 2nd International Conference Interprofessional Collaboration on Urban Health; A Strategy for All Nations, and In Collaboration with center of excellence in urban health study center can be completed in accordance with a predetermined time and also we would like to thank Mamuju Health Polytechnic and Palu Health Polytechnic have organized this conference, Management & Science University and Lincoln University College Malaysia for supporting this conference and Budi Luhur International Network for Education (BIN for Edu) as representatives. Furthermore, we express our thanks and appreciation to all those who have helped in the publication of proceeding among others to the reviewer, writer, editor, co-editor, Poltekkes Makassar’s research units and especially to the committee which has been coordinating the preparation of proceeding to be distributed. This proceeding is a collection of abstracts as research results, especially in the face of managing urban health on all nations such as climate risk, air pollution, housing-related health risks, urban green spaces, nutrition insecurity, and unhealthy diets, etc. Finally, we apologize for any shortcomings and we received input for the preparation of proceeding improvement in future activities. Hopefully, this proceeding can provide benefits and receive a blessing from Allah SWT. Amen.
Family Satisfaction in Emergency Patient Services PSC SIGA 119 Kabupaten Mamuju
Introduction: Emergency Service System PSC (Public Safety Center) ) SIGA 119 is a public service innovation that is widely used by the community to handle emergency cases in Kabupaten Mamuju. PSC It is hoped that it can provide fast and precise service and can provide evacuation services to patients or victims who can be heavy at any time in emergency conditions so that fast and precise treatment is needed. Objective: This study aims to assess the patient's family satisfaction with the service PSC (Public Safety Center) SIGA 119 Kabupaten Mamuju. Method: This research is survey research and used a descriptive approach. The population in this study was the entire family of patients who received PSC (Public Safety Center) SIGA 119 kabupaten Mamuju for the period May-July 2021. The sampling technique is accidental sampling with 60 respondents, using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used univariate analysis and calculation of satisfaction index refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Administrative Reform Bureaucratic Reform (Menpan-RB) which has been modified . Result: The results of this study indicate that overall the respondents were very satisfied with the emergency services received from PSC (Public Safety Center) SIGA 119. The results of the research show that there were 90.49% Satisfaction from the responsiveness dimension, 91.82% the assurance dimension, 92.41% the physical evidence, 91.54% the empathy dimension and 91.31% the reliability dimension. Generally, the PSC (Public Safety Center) of SIGA 119 in Kabupaten Mamuju has an average satisfaction index of 3.66 (91.526%) with a very satisfied category. Conclusion: monitoring the evaluation of service quality needs to be carried out continuously and improvements to the components that are considered unsatisfactory
Family Is A Supporting Factor Of Adolescent Resilience In Facing The Covid-19 Pandemic
Teenagers are at risk during this pandemic because they experience various physical, psychological, and social changes. Coronavirus greatly affects life around the world, and can increase a person's emotional stress and potentially threaten the mental health of children and adolescents, adolescents are significantly at risk during the pandemic, this needs to be done a study to analyze adolescent resilience as the ability to adapt and stay persevere in difficult situations. The supporting factor for a strong teenager is the family, because the family plays an important role in the development of adolescents, namely providing a sense of security so that they can provide responsibility for the task of physical and psychological development of children. The purpose of this study was to find out that family is a supporting factor for adolescent resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic. The research used the descriptive-analytical method. The population of this study were all adolescents in Mamuju Regency. The sample is 20 teenagers. Data were analyzed using data reduction. Data was collected through in-depth interviews. Researchers used WhatsApp online media either via audio call or by chatting in the data collection process. showed that 20 informants stated that the family played an important role in the development of adolescents, namely providing a sense of security so that they could provide responsibility for the tasks of physical and psychological development of adolescents, this is a very supportive factor so that adolescents have the ability of several aspects of resilience, including Aspects of Emotion Regulation (Emotion Regulation) is the ability to remain calm in stressful conditions. Impulse Control is the ability to control the pressure that arises within oneself. Causal Analysis (Causal Analysis) can analyze clearly, logically and accurately the conditions that are being faced. Empathy (Empathy) individuals can understand what other people feel. Self Efficacy is an individual's ability to solve problems and believe in being able to solve problems.. It can be concluded that teenagers in Mamuju have strong resilience in the face of the Covid 19 pandemic because they are supported by their families.
Establishment Of A Covid-19 Administration (Jucovid) As A Strategic Measures For The Protection Of Family From Covid-19 Transmission; A Library Study
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a wide impact on the economy and health, of course, has received great attention from various parties. The purpose of this research was to provide an idea about the formation of a Covid interpreter in each family to analyze the importance of a Covid interpreter in accelerating the handling of the national-19 pandemic. The method used was descriptive qualitative, with the type of library research (library research). The results of this study There was no effective formulation against COVID-19 in Indonesia, so the burden on the health care system is getting heavier. Handling activities at the downstream level tend to be more difficult and expensive, because community participation is less than optimal. Conclusion The establishment of a Covid-19 Monitor is a strategic formulation in protection from Covid-19 transmission in Indonesia. Jucovid's activities are focused on the upstream level, as well as ensuring sustainable implementation and totality to the community. The formulation of the formation of Jucovid is also in line and will further encourage the implementation of: Implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (IOCAR) starting from the lowest level, namely neighboring associations (NA)/citizen associations (CA)
Patterns of Using Masks in Prevention of Covid-19 Transmission in Makassar, Indonesia
The case of Covid-19 infection rate in Makassar, Indonesia is still high. Recently, the government is still implementing community activity restriction to reduce the rate of the pandemic. However, this is not enough, the policy needs to be accompanied by increasing the effectiveness of other intervention measures, including masks. This study aims to provide an overview of the behavioral pattern of using masks in the public area in Makassar. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data in taking appropriate steps in increasing efforts to prevent the transmission of Covid-19 in Makassar. The results of the study showed that public awareness in using masks is quite high, the motivation to use masks mostly comes from intrinsic motivation, and dominantly of the subject has been able to adapt to the behavior of wearing masks. However, some behaviors of wearing masks still need to be improved with health education, including frequently put on and take off behavior when using masks, the length of time using masks replacing with new or clean ones, management of masks that have been used so those masks are disposed of in a closed container as much as possible. To maintain the behavior of wearing masks in the public, it is necessary to conduct further research on the proper technique of wearing masks to reduce the feeling of shortness of breath and discomfort that mask users complain about and the prevention of condensation on glasses users when wearing masks.
Prevalence of Reactive HBsAg in Pregnant Women at Binanga Health Center, Mamuju Regency
Hepatitis B virus infection is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus which is a global problem. It is estimated that more than 240 million people have been infected and every 620,000 people die from hepatitis B infection every year. Pregnant women range from Hepatitis B infection, can result in an increased risk of preterm birth, low birth weight (<2500 g), premature rupture of membranes, gestational diabetes, congenital abnormalities. Other consequences are miscarriage, liver damage, acute Hepatitis, or chronic, hepatocellular carcinoma. This aims of this study was determine the incidence of reactive pregnant women from the rapid test of HBsAg. Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study, by collecting data from the 2018 HBsAg examination sheet. The data sheet is the result of routine HBsAg examination in pregnant women Binanga Health Center, Mamuju Regency. . The independent variables identified were characteristic and sociodemographic data. Descriptive statistical tests were carried out in the form of frequency, percentage. The number of pregnant women who were reactive to HBsAg was 13 (2%) of 647 pregnant women throughout 2018, among those who were reactive were aged 20-30 years. However, pregnant women who are reactive to HBsAg are around the age of 20-30 years. The prevalence of reactive HBsAg in pregnant women in the Binanga Community Health Center is 13(2%).
Formulation And Physical Stability Test Of Celery Leaf Extract Gel (Apium graveolens L.) With Variations Concentration Of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose And Carbopol
Celery plants can be used as medicine and cosmetic ingredients, but they are still used traditionally, so a pharmaceutical preparation that is effective in its use has been developed. This study aimed to formulate celery leaf extract in a gel preparation using Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) and carbopol as gelling agents and to test its physical stability. Celery leaf extract gel was made in 6 formulations with different Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose concentrations, namely 2%, 4%, 6% and carbopol 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The study began with the manufacture of celery leaf extract. In this study, the active substance was extracted using the maceration method and the physical stability of the gel preparation was determined based on observations of changes in color, odor, shape, pH, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion and viscosity before and after accelerated storage using a climatic chamber at 4◦C and 40◦C for 12 hours for 10 cycles. Based on the research results obtained, celery leaf extract can be made in gel preparations and gel preparations based on HPMC meet the requirements for physical stability tests, while gel preparations with carbopol base do not meet the requirements for physical stability tests. Keywords: Celery leaf, stability test
Formulation High Fiber Cookies Using Modified Banana Flour (Musa paradisiaca)
Local food in Mamuju that has the potential as a functional food is banana. Banana that have been made of flour and modified can be used as a substitute for wheat flour in the manufacture of cookies. This research aims to formulate high-fiber cookies substituted with modified banana flour as a functional food. There were four steps of research (modified banana flour, cookies, sensory analysis and physicochemical tests. Completely randomized design (CRD) was applied b involving four factors of kepok banana flour modified which were F0 (0%), F1 (25%), F2 (50%), and F3 (75%). The parameters measured were organoleptic tests (taste, aroma, color, and texture). In addition, carried out physicochemical tests on the best formula. The results showed that the best formula was obtained in the F2 treatment which was 50% banana flour substituted cookies. The selected cookies (F2) contained 4.08% moisture, 43.02% resistant starch, 40.24% starch digestibility, and 15.51% dietary fiber. The selected cookies has good sensory quality and it can be used as a functional food and can be consumed especially to control the weight and people with diabetes mellitus.
Age And Occupation Related to The Event Of Dementia in The Elderly in Binanga Community Health Centers
Dementia will interfere with the daily activities of the elderly and the elderly's social relationships with their surroundings and even one of the causes of death in the elderly. As life expectancy increases, the number of elderly continues to increase. As similarly, the number of people with dementia. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with the incidence of dementia in the elderly in Binanga Community Health Centers in 2018. The type of research used is analytic research with a cross-sectional design. The sample was obtained by purposive sampling as many as 124 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, namely the elderly who live in Binanga Community Health Centers, Mamuju Regency. The results showed that there was an influence of age variable on the incidence of dementia by 15.1% and there was an occupation with the incidence of dementia with a p-value = 0.000. It is hoped that there will be a program specifically for elderly to actively involve elderly so that they can be more productive and avoid dementia.
Overview Of The Specific Weight And Composition Of Waste In Offices (Case Study In Govenor Of West Sulawesi Province Office Areas)
Offices is one of the place that has a high potential for waste production because there are regular users who have routine activities every working day. The composition of waste needs to be known in order to determine the most efficient and appropriate way of processing waste so that it could be applied. It is necessary to know the specific weight of waste to manage the waste transportation system, about the equipment used to transport waste to the Waste Final Shelter. Described the specific weight and composition of waste in the offices. This research is a descriptive research. The sample is the amount of waste in the Governor of West Sulawesi Office. The sampling technique is total sampling. The research instrument is form in SNI 19-3964-1194. The data analysis performed is descriptive analysis. The specific weight measured based on waste carried out for eight consecutive days at the same location. The results fluctuated every day. The composition of waste are food waste, plastic, paper, and other types and and the largest type of waste was food waste at 4.90 kg/day or 48.84%/day. The building D has the highest specific weight of waste average compared to the other buildings (6.15 kg/m3) and has the highest total type of waste (16.94 kg/day). The specific weight of the waste ranged from 2.69 kg/m3 – 6.15 kg/m3 and the higher composition of aste is food waste.
Study Of The Quality Of Life On Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels ≥180 mg / dl which is accompanied by the appearance of several main symptoms, namely polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia. To control blood sugar levels, proper management of the 5 pillars of DM is needed so that they can return to normal and stable conditions. Illnesses and medication that are undertaken for a long period of time can affect the patient's physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment which can be defined as the quality of life. Purpose: Based on these problems, the purpose of this study was to identify the quality of life of people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: This study is a literature study that comes from books, media, experts or other people's research which aims to formulate the theoretical basis used. in doing research. Data collection using articles published in 2014-2020 using the Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases and then analyzed according to the inclusion criteria. Analysis results: It was found that from 10 articles that conducted research on the quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes, the results of this study concluded that the quality of life of a person can be influenced by several factors, namely family support, actively participating in the diabetes community, socioeconomic status, long suffering, complications, knowledge and obedience in the management of blood sugar levels can affect the quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Breastfeeding Education on Mother about Exclusive Breastfeeding in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province
Breast milk is the best food that can meet the growth and development needs of babies until the age of 6 months. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of breastfeeding education on the level of knowledge of mothers about exclusive breastfeeding in Mamuju. This type of research is experimental with a quasi experimental using a non-randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The samples were pregnant women at Puskesmas Beru - Beru and PuskesmasTampapadang who met the sample criteria. The number of Samples are 32, using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that there was an increase in knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding in the intervention group after being given breastfeeding education (p = 0.02); there was a difference in knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding between the intervention group and the control group after the intervention (p = 0.000). This study recommends that health workers, especially midwives, play an active role in providing breastfeeding education to pregnant women through breastfeeding counseling activities in Antenatal Care and Postnatal Care services so as to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Mamuju.
Efforts to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections (HIV/AIDS) in Wakatobi District, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Increasing number of people living with HIV/AIDS becoming a shared responsibility and a concern for programs to be achieved in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2030. An increasing number of cases also occurred in Wakatobi, 16 cases of HIV detected in 2018 increased to 19 new cases in 2019, which are mainly caused by changing risky sexual partners and unsafe sex. The purpose of this study was to explore efforts to prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections (HIV/AIDS) in Wakatobi Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The research method was a quasi-qualitative with a phenomenological approach to explore STI prevention efforts through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The research location was in Wakatobi Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The data sources were 7 people who were selected purposively with the following criteria: Health workers who handle infectious disease prevention were, 4 regular informants from the health office and the secretary of the Wakatobi HIV/AIDS control commission, 2 supporting informants from the owner of entertainment venues and women who accompany karaoke (ladies), with the head of the Department of Health as key informants. Secondary data were obtained from the Wakatobi District Health Office. The data collected was then analyzed by domain and scientifically narrated, the validity of the data is done by triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it was found that prevention efforts that have been carried out by the Health Service and the HIV/AIDS Prevention Commission (KPA) in collaboration with local agencies are conducting counselling and periodic checks every 6 months at night entertainment venues and providing information to the public. high school students about sexually transmitted infections (HIV/AIDS). Information was obtained that an approach to the community should be carried out through local communities and leaders, but funds are limited, so that prevention efforts are carried out according to budget allocations. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the Wakatobi Health Office and KPA had made efforts to prevent sexually transmitted infections in entertainment places and schools, although they were still limited due to limited budget allocations.
UTILIZATION OF BIDARA LEAF (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) EXTRACT AS A NATURAL LARVACIDE
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the Dengue virus and is transmitted through the mosquito vector of Aedes aegypti. DHF cases in Indonesia were reported in 2019 as many as 138,127 cases. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using Bidara Leaf as a natural larvicide. This type of research is purely experimental because the larvae of Aedes aegypti are treated by being put into a solution that has been mixed with bidara leaf extract with several variations, namely 0.5 ml, 1 ml, 1.5 ml and 2 ml. The location of the research was carried out in the Integrated Laboratory of Poltekkes, Ministry of Health, Mamuju. The part of the bidara plant used is the leaf. Bidara leaf extract is obtained by making bidara leaf simplicia. Based on the larval mortality table above, it can be seen that in a 0.5 ml solution of bidara leaf extract, no larvae died. In a solution of 1 ml of bidara leaf extract, the larvae began to die at 40 minutes of observation with an average mortality of 2 from each treatment. At 60 and 80 minutes of observation, the average mortality was 2 and 1.6 from each treatment. In a solution of 1.5 ml of bidara leaf extract, the larvae began to die at 40 minutes of observation, which was 2.6 at 60 minutes of observation and 2.3 at 80 minutes of observation. In a solution of 2 ml of bidara leaf extract, the larvae began to die during the 20 minute observation time of 2,3. At the observation of 40 minutes of 12.6. The highest mortality occurred in the addition of a solution of 2 ml of bidara leaf extract with an observation time of 40 minutes. It is known that the greater the addition of bidara leaf extract solution and the longer the observation time, the higher the mortality rate of Aedes aegypti larvae.
Magnesium Intake and Stunting were Associated with Obesity among Adolescent Girls
The double burden of malnutrition remains a problem in Indonesia. Over and undernutrition problems have been observed in all age groups, including adolescent girls, in which growth and development are critical in this period. The study was aimed to assess the association between nutrient intake, stunting, and overweight. This was a cross-sectional study involving 360 female students from four secondary schools in Majene, Indonesia. A logistic regression analysis was used to detect the risk of association. The present study found that the prevalence of stunting was higher than overweight and obesity (31.7%, 14.2%, 2.2%, respectively). Among obese students, 37.5% of them were stunted, and had low magnesium intake (83.1%). The logistic regression result showed that stunting (AOR= 3.22; 95% CI 1.509 to 6.868; p=0.002) and magnesium intake (AOR= 0.28; 95%CI 0.137 to 0.586; p=0.001) were factors associated with obesity among the students (p<0.05). An adequate magnesium intake may be beneficial to prevent the incidence of obesity, while stunting may increase the risk of obesity among adolescent girls.
Medicines As An Alternative Therapy For Covid-19
The coronavirus who that causes Covid-19 first appeared in Wuhan Distric, China, in December 2019, and has been a pandemic to date. In addition to the increasing prevalence of Covid-19 deaths, there are also several Covid-19 patients who have recovered. As we know that until now there is no single drug specifically for the treatment of Covid-19, so the reuse of available drugs is still carried out as an alternative. However, all these alternative medicines are still in the form of trial and error until now. The purpose of the research in this study is to find out what drugs have become alternatives for therapy in current Covid-19 patients. The method used in this research is literature study by collecting data from various scientific journals through various databases. From this research, after reviewing 12 journals. Drugs used as alternative treatments for Covid-19 patients that have been scientifically proven based on several literature studies include, Favipiravir, Remdesivir, Azithromycin, Levofloxacin, and several supporting nutrients namely Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Vitamin D.
Characteristicsof Chemical Compound Content in Meniran Herb Extract and Miana Leave Extract Based On Phytochemical Screening and Thin Layer Chromatography
Meniran herbs and miana leaves have been scientifically proven as immunostimulant, antibacterial and antituberculosis. The pharmacological activity of herbs is determined by the content of chemical compounds. The purpose of identifying chemical compounds in meniran herb extract and miana leaf extract based on phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The extraction method is by maceration using 96% ethanol as solvent. Phytochemical screening includes alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, phlobatins and anthraquinones. TLC identification uses 4 eluent compositions, namely: Chloroform: Methanol: Water = 15:6:1; Ethyl acetate : ethanol : water = 16:5:1; Benzene : ethyl acetate = 7:3 and N hexane : ethyl acetate = 8:2. Phytochemical screening results showed that Meniran herb extract contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids. Miana leaf extract contains alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids (flavones), phenols, steroids, terpenoids, phlobotanins and anthraquinones. The results of thin layer chromatography showed that the meniran herb extract identified 1 polar compound, 17 semi-polar compounds and 7 non-polar compounds. Miana leaf extract identified 1 polar compound, 21 semi-polar compounds and 17 non-polar compounds.
Relationship between the Role of Health Cadres with Immunization of Tetanus Toxoid (TT) in Women of Childbearing Age in the Work Area of Mangasa Health Center of Makassar
The implementation of TT (Tetanus Toxoid) Immunization is a form of tetanus infection that is currently still a risk factor for maternal death and infant death, with one of them in the form of a health cadre in promotive efforts sustainably. The purpose of this research was to determine the role of health cader with TT immunization in Women of Childbearing Age. Design of research was Cross-Sectional Study with population all women of childbearing age who were in the working area of Mangasa Health Center of Makassar City. The population was estimated at 1140 people and based on the formula, the number of samples was 296 respondents with a purposive sample method and data analyzed with chi-square test. The study results were the relationship of the role of health cadres with the Immunization of TT obtained a value of p = 0.000. There was a relationship between the role of health cadres with the provision of TT immunization in Women of Childbearing Age in the Working Area of Mangasa Health Center in Makassar City. For health centers and related agencies to increase the knowledge of women of childbearing age and their families to be motivated to carry out TT immunizations; This includes increasing cadre knowledge about the importance of TT immunization.
Women Behavior in Nutrition Compliance for Toddlers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Coastal Areas of Bantaeng Regency in South Sulawesi Province
Nutrition compliance behavior for toddlers during the coivid-19 pandemic is one of factors that marriage women can protect their family from the spread of covid-19. The aims of this study was to determine the behavior of marriage women in coastal communities for preparing dan giving their toddlers daily food at home during the covid-19 pandemic. The type of this study was descriptive quantitative method. The data were taken using a survey questionnaire with likert scale from 50 marriage women who have toddlers and stay in Nipa-Nipa Village of Bantaeng Regency in South Sulawesi Province on Oktober 2020 until May 2021. The data were analysed using distribution frequency. The results of research related to women's behavior to fulfilling nutrition for toddlers during the covid-19 pandemic showed that the behavior of married women in the coastal area of Bantaeng Regency generally behaved negatively, namely 36 respondents (72%). This study found that there were 28% of respondents who have positive behavior and 72% of respondents who behave negatively when prepare menu for toddler, there are 30% of respondents who have positive behavior and 70% of respondents who have negatively in the presentation of the toddler menu. Based on characteristics, the majority of respondents have low education level and low income. Therefore, the respondents can not fulfill their toddler’s nutrition well due to both reasons.
Implementation Of Health Protocol In Prevention Of Covid-19 In Students
At the beginning of 2020 the world was shocked by the outbreak of a new virus, namely a new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease is called Coronavirus disease 2019 which is hereinafter abbreviated as Covid-19. The origin of this virus is known to come from Wuhan, China. Found in late December 2019. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused many changes in daily life. Students as a group at risk of being infected with COVID-19 with asymptomatic, have the potential to become infectious to the people around them. Therefore, this group must make appropriate efforts to prevent covid-19. This study aims to implementation of health protocols in preventing covid-19 in students of West Sulawesi. This research is a survey research with cross sectional design using a non-probability sampling design with 135 respondents. The results of the study show that health protocol efforts have begun to maintain social distance, washing hands and using masks have been done by students with the percentage of each keeping a distance of 58.5%, 93.3% who wash their hands whether it's washing hands with soap or using hand sanitizer, and the behavior of using masks is 97.8%. The results showed that the implementation of health protocols had been attempted by students but had not been maximized as a whole. There is a need for more intensive socialization and enforcement of health protocols so that 100% of students can implement strict health protocols
Levels of Particulate Matter 2.5 (Pm2.5) on Potential Respiratory Disorders in Traders Around the Road of Sultan Alauddin Makassar City
Transportation-related air pollution is a significant contributor to total urban air pollution. Particulate matter 2.5 is a dangerous pollutant because it is very small in size, so it can reach the lungs and cause various diseases, especially respiratory disorders. This study aims to analyze the risk of PM2.5 levels in the air to traders along Jalan Sultan Alauddin Makassar City. The type of research used was descriptive observational, using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) method. The number of samples in this study were 84 traders. Analysis of data using univariate analysis. The measurement results showed PM2.5 levels at point I were 0.029 mg/m3, at point II was 0.027 mg/m3, at point III was 0.036 mg/m3, at point IV was 0.044 mg/m3, and at point V was 0.042 mg/m3. All measurement points still meet the requirements based on the Regulation of the Governor of South Sulawesi Selatan Number 69 of 2010. The highest exposure frequency was 365 and the lowest exposure was 245 days. The average duration of exposure of traders in the research location is 11.35 years and the average intake of traders is 0.0024 mg/kg/days. The conclusion of this study is that from 84 traders there are 3 traders who have an RQ value> 1 or are at risk.
The Physical Activity of Patients Diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus: A Basis for A Counseling Program
Physical activity is good to exercise every day. It means that people have to know what will they do and when will they do. Some of people had already diagnosed with diabetes mellitus that means they have to know their exercise completely suitable with them. The purpose of this study was to analysis factors that affected assessment physical activity of patients with diabetes mellitus. This study was cross sectional design with descriptive survey approach. There are 72 respondents taken as subjects in this study. Quantitative data in this study used frequency, percentage, mean value, and chi-square test. Rating assessments for physical activity in this study ranged from very high, high, moderate, to low degree. The results showed that there was no significant difference on the participant’s physical activity and their age, body mass index, and history of smoking. However, there was a significant difference on the participant’s physical activity and their gender, blood sugar levels. Assessment of this physical activity through the Diabetes Mellitus Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) by looking at control of their physical activity, it is considered an effective approach to treat a variety of patients conditions diabetes mellitus through a counselling program. The conclusion on this study that physical activity behaviour of respondents has an influence on blood sugar levels. It recommended that patients with diabetes mellitus control physical activity because it can help patients to control blood sugar within normal limits.
Comparison of Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg) Qualitative Test on Yellow and Black Raisins Nutrition-Rich Snacks as Alternative Blood Enhancement
Lack of blood or iron deficiency or better known as anemia, which is in the blood there is a condition where the hemoglobin level in the blood is lower than normal. The aims of this study was to compare Fe levels, Calcium levels and the presence of magnesium in raisins. Qualitative examination of the presence of magnesium content in yellow currants and black currants by means of drying through a furnace until ash is formed and followed by the addition of 2 N nitric acid. Furthermore, several reagents such as dilute HCl, NaOH and Na2S are added. The formation of a white precipitate indicated that the raisin sample contained magnesium and was examined quantitatively by the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) method. In the qualitative test of yellow currants and black currants, positive results were obtained containing Magnesium (Mg). Quantitative research uses the AAS (atomic absorption spectrophotometry) method, which is a quantitative elemental analysis method whose measurement is based on the absorption of light with a certain wavelength by metal atoms in a free state. Determination of Fe content in yellow currants obtained values of 17.620 μg/g, Ca as much as 106.200 μg/g and in black currants obtained Fe values of 17.590 μg/g and Ca as much as 288.750 μg/g. Based on the value obtained, the average Fe requirement in humans is around 1-2 grams per day by making daily snacks, both yellow currants and black currants, which can meet the needs of iron and calcium in the body. Besides being recommended to consume yellow or black raisins, it is also highly recommended to take sources of iron and calcium from milk and dairy products as well as foods from other calcium sources, for maximum results. Keywords: AAS, Fe, calcium, raisins, anemia
A Study on the Social Support Approach in Overcoming Drop-Out (DO) and Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Patients of Tuberculosis
Nowadays, the medical approach over still dominating and hegemonies in overcoming tuberculosis (TB), and its fact, not only the patient population and the prevalence of TB that continues to increase from year to year, but drop-out (DO) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB cases also increasingly widespread among people with TB. Therefore, its better to try to examine the social support approach as a solution to overcome these problems. The research objective was to analyze the development of a social support approach to overcome DO-MDR TB. A quantitative-qualitative descriptive as type of research. Design by case study, analytic, evaluative, phenomenological, exploratory – comparative. Location at Gowa Regency. 100 TB sufferer as sample. Data collection by literature study, documentation, observation, questionnaires, interviews. A qualitative descriptive as data analysis. Results was there are seven main and important aspects in the social support approach to preventing and overcome DO-MDR TB, namely: (1) Their view and belief that social support can play an important role as a multidimensional drug in the process of treatment and healing of the disease, (2) Knowledge regarding the sources, types and components of social support needed, (3) Perceptions on social support need from people close, (4) Perceptions on their behavior, (5) Patients' behavior, (6) Positive perception about the role of social support, (7) Social support as the main supporting factor. Recommendation: Social support needs to be institutionalized as an integrated approach that strengthens medical approaches in preventing and overcoming DO-MDR TB cases. Keywords: Social support, DO-MDR TB, approach
The Mckenzie Exercise Methods For Prevent Text Neck Syndrome Due to Gadget Overused
Text neck syndrome is disease that occurs due to excessive overused of the neck muscles, back muscles and shoulder muscles. This is due to a person's bowing position for a long period of time. Nowaday, it is usually done when someone is using a gadget, this condition is included in the category of musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study were to find out how the impact caused by gamers for using gadgets for a long time and to find out how the implementation of McKenzie in reducing pain and increasing cervical range of motion. This research was a study case with 26 gamers respondents (Titan’s Gamers Community). The method of activity that will be carried out includes an initial survey by filling out forms via Google Form by respondents to get early detection. Approaching community members, especially those who experience neck pain in the "Titans" Gamers Community, by asking about their condition online. Held education about the importance of posture correction to all members of the “Titans” Gamers Community The instrument is buble inclinometer for assessment cervical range of motion. The results of this study is the increasing the cervical range of motion for all respondents(26 gamers). The use of McKenzie in providing effective exercise to improving the cervical range of motion for gamers. Keyword: Text neck syndrome, McKenzie exercise, range of motion
Analysis of Examination Results of Ast (Aspartate Aminotransferase) and Alt (Alanine Aminotransferase) Levels in Covid-19 Patient in RS TK II Pelamonia Makassar
Covid-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) patients tend to have abnormalities in liver function tests, therefore the examination of AST and ALT levels as very specific parameters, is really useful in assessing liver function and exploring the severity of the disease suffered by patients. The aims of this study was to analyze the examination results of AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) and ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) levels in COVID-19 patient. The type of research wais in the form of laboratory observation by referring to secondary data obtained from the medical record database of patients diagnosed with Covid-19. Descriptive research method with sampling technique using simple random sampling There were 100 samples consisting of 51 men and 49 women, were taken in RS Tk.II Pelamonia Makassar on April 9th to 20th, 2021. For two days, focus of the study was obtained that the examination results of AST and ALT levels were from 100 samples showing that 74% of AST levels were normal and 26% were abnormal, while ALT levels were 72% normal and 28% abnormal. These results refer to the standard AST/SGOT for Men 10 - 37 U/l and Women 10 - 31 U/l, while for ALT/SGPT, for Men: 10 - 41 U/l and Women 10 - 31 U/l. The conclusion of the study showed that the normal results of AST levels were more than the abnormal values, as well as the normal values of ALT levels more than those that were not normal. It is recommended for further researcher to use more complete data and consider factor that can affect the examination results. Keywords: Covid-19, AST, ALT
Analysis of Factors Affect the Incidence of Chronic Energy in Pregnant Women in Puskesmas Samata Gowa
Chronic energy deficiency is a lack of energy over a considerable period. Pregnant women who experience chronic energy deficiency will cause complications in the mother and the baby. Incidence Chronic Energy Deficiency in pregnancy globally is 35-75%. 40% of maternal deaths in developing countries are related to chronic energy shortages. Indonesia was the fourth largest after India with the prevalence of 35.5% where south Sulawesi is one of the provinces where there are pregnant women chronic energy deficiency with 17.2% then in Samata Gowa Health Center, there are still 14.4% of pregnant women who experience Chronic Energy Deficiency. The purpose of this study was to find out the factors that influence the incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency in pregnant women in Samata Gowa Health Center. The research method was observationally analytical with a cross-sectional approach and sampling using a total sampling technique of 60 samples. This study was conducted in February-May 2021 using a data retrieval format. Bivariate analysis using Multiple Linear Regression α=0.05. The results of the bivariate analysis showed there was no meaningful influence between age, parity, occupation, and hemoglobin levels and the incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency in pregnant women. Although the statistical analysis on each variable there is no meaningful influence. In fact, from the number of 60 samples, there are still 21.7% of pregnant women who experience chronic energy deficiency. Chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women is one of the contributors to maternal and child mortality so it needs attention. Keywords: Chronic Energy Deficiency Age, Work, Parity, Hemoglobin levels
Evaluation Of The Phbs Program For 2018, 2019, And 2020 In Masalle Village, Enrekang Regency
PHBS is all healthy behaviors that are carried out on the basis of awareness to help themselves and family members in the health sector and can play an active role in carrying out public health activities. Clean culture is a reflection of people's attitudes and behavior in maintaining and maintaining personal and environmental hygiene in everyday life. The PHBS indicators that are the center of this research are healthy latrines, clean water supply, hand washing with soap, and smoking habits.The aims of this study was to evaluate the PHBS program in the village of Masalle, Enrekang Regency. This type of research was a descriptive research which describes, discloses and presents what is in accordance with the data and facts regarding the PHBS program that has been launched. The number of samples was 4 PHBS indicators, namely healthy latrines, clean water supply, washing hands with soap, and smoking habits.The results obtained from the results of the PHBS study in Masalle Village, namely in 2018, the indicators for healthy latrines were 94.0%, PAB was 100%, CTPS was 99.1%, smoking habits were 53.3%. In 2019 the indicators for healthy latrines were 94.8%, PAB was 100%, CTPS was 100%, smoking habits were 53.3%. In 2020 the indicators for healthy latrines are 95.3%, PAB is, CTPS is 100%, smoking habits are 53.3%.Based on the results of the research on the evaluation of the PHBS program in the village of Masalle, there was an increase and it was said to be successful because 4 PHBS indicators continued to increase from 2018, 2019, to 2020. It was said to be unsuccessful if the 4 PHBS indicators studied continued to decline from 2018, 2019, to 2020 It is hoped that health promotion officers and all health services involved in the Masalle Health Center will further improve their approach to the community to jointly improve a clean and healthy lifestyle as stated in the PHBS program by taking a group to individual approach. Keywords: PHBS, Evaluation, successful, unsuccessful
The Relationship Between Behavior of Hospital Officers with the Use of PPE to Prevent Nosocomial Infections in Thalia Irham Hospital Kab. Gowa
One of the unexpected occurrences of activities in the hospital is nosocomial infection. Therefore, it takes attention from all hospital officials regarding the behavior of the use of qualified PPE to protect themselves from the infection. The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship between the behavior of hospital officials and the use of PPE to prevent nosocomial infections in Thalia Irham Hospital Kab. Gowa. This research was an analytical observational with cross-sectional research design. The samples as many as 70 hospital officials with sampling methods that are with total sampling. Data analysis processed with statistical tests. The results of the study at Thalia Irham Hospital Kab. Gowa was from the three variables studied as a whole has a significant relationship between knowledge (p-value = 0.000), attitude (p-value = 0.033), action (p-value = 0.027) with the use of PPE in 2021 to prevent nosocomial infection. The research conclusion is concluded that there is a relationship between the behavior of hospital officials and the use of PPE to prevent nosocomial infections. Keywords: Behavior, Hospital, Hospital officials, Nosocomial infection, PPE
The Effectiveness of Bobath Exercises on the Ability to Walk and Leg Spasticity of Stroke Patients
Common problems of stroke include spasticity, weakness, and loss of balance on the affected side causing the inability to maintain postural alignment so that patients experience barriers to daily activities. The aims of this study aims was to determine the effectiveness of weight exercises on walking ability and reducing spasticity in stroke patients. The type of research was pre-experimental with pre-test - post-test one group design. The study population was post-stroke hemiparesis patients at Bhayangkara Hospital Makassar and the study sample was 12 people according to the research inclusion criteria. The independent variable was bobath exercises and the dependent variable was the ability to walk and spasticity. The measurement of walking ability uses the Timed Up and Go Test scale and the measurement of spasticity using the Asworth scale. The results of the study on the ability to walk obtained a score of p = 0.00 and spasticity obtained a value of p = 0.00. Bobath exercise can improve walking ability and reduce spasticity of stroke patients, so
Acceptance and Analysis of Protein and Carbon Content in Quinoa Flour Substituted Cookies and Dragon Fruit Flour
Cookies are referred to as pastries in Indonesia which are processed with various shapes and flavors. Cookies are generally made from flour which is known to have a high carbohydrate content but low protein content so that it can cause obesity if consumed in excess. The purpose of this study was to determine the acceptability, protein and carbohydrate content of cookies with the substitution of quinoa flour and dragon fruit peel flour. The type of research was one shot group research design. Acceptance was carried out in the organoleptic laboratory of the Department of Nutrition, Health Polytechnic of Makassar and assessed based on the hedonic test. Protein content in cookies using a laboratory test using the Micro Kjedhall method and carbohydrate content using a percentage laboratory test. The results of the research on the acceptance of the preferred color aspect are cookies with a concentration of F1 and F2, the aroma aspect with a concentration of F1 and texture with a concentration of F2, the preferred taste aspect in cookies with a concentration of F1 and the most preferred is F2. F1 concentration The highest protein content was 12.36% and F3 concentration the highest carbohydrate content was 59.58%. The best concentration is cookies with a concentration of F2 and a high protein content in cookies with a concentration of F1 as much as 12.36% and a high carbohydrate value, which is 59.58% in cookies with a concentration of F3.
Risk Factors of Preeclampsia in RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar
Health development target in 2025 is increasing community health status with decrease of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) indicator from 262 per 100,000 live births in 2005 to 74 per 100,000 live births in 2025. The Increasing of the incidence of deaths due to preeclampsia, the cause is not known with certainty, so there is no agreement on the strategy to prevent preeclampsia. Study aims was to determine the risk factors for preeclampsia in RSKDIA Pertiwi Makassar with age, blood type, and body mass index. Research design used an analytic survey with retrospective case control. Samples was 90 respondent with a ratio 1:2 for the case and control groups, taken by purposive sampling with data completeness criteria. Data analysis using the STATA program, test was carried out with Odds Ratio (OR) with a significant level of <0.05. The results was a relationship between age and preeclampsia, p value = 0.04, age was a risk factor where women aged <20 or >35 years have a 2,667 times risk had preeclampsia. Results of statistical tests did not find a relationship between incidence of preeclampsia with blood type and body mass index, but women with BMI ≥30 had 2.093 times the risk of developing preeclampsia compared to women with BMI <30. In this study, age and BMI are risk factors of preeclampsia, and blood type is a protective factor. Recommended, early detection with a risk factor approach, clients are expected to be more active in seeking information and recognizing risk factors for preeclampsia. Keywords: Preeclampsia, ABO blood type, body mass index
Negative Correlation between the scoring prevention policy with stunting prevalence in South Sulawesi: Cross-Sectional Study
Currently, the most serious nutritional problem in Indonesia is stunting. The prevalence of stunting nationally is 36% and South Sulawesi reaches 30.8%. Stunting prevention starts from the pre-conception period until the child is two years old. Objectives of this study was to investigate policy brief the government South Sulawesi to stunting prevention. The method of this study was observational with a policy evaluation approach, based on secondary and primary resources in the 2015-2020 policy period. Data sources from nutrition Big data, Food Security Big data and other sources related any legal aspect and article. Methods of collecting data with documentation and interviews. Data analysis with content analysis and statistical analysis with Pearson correlation test. The unit of analysis is the district. Result of the research was that in general, the stunting problem in South Sulawesi is in the moderate category (10-20%). The components of stunting prevention policies are convergence, food security, legislative support, education base, village base, innovation, involving women's organizations, local food, appropriate technology, therapy feeding centres, and monitoring program evaluation. The proposed intervention program is food security, promotion of growth monitoring and integrated management of sick toddlers. The Conclusion that stunting prevention policies in South Sulawesi can be carried out with an integrated approach from the province to the village.
Effect of Precipitation Time of Moringa Seed Powder (Moringa Oleifera) and Tamarind Seed (Tamarindus Indica L) as Coagulant in Reducing Bod and TSS of Domestic Wastewater
Wastewater treatment can be carried out through coagulation and flocculation processes by utilizing moringa seed powder and tamarind seeds as coagulants, which are proven to improve wastewater quality. This research aims to determine the effect of deposition time on the decrease in BOD and TSS. This type of research was a quasi-experimental with 3 replications at the time of deposition for 30 and 60 minutes of moringa seed powder and tamarind seed powder with a dose of 4.5 mg/l and the same stirring speed. The results showed that the percentage reduction in BOD for deposition time at 30 and 60 minutes of moringa seed powder was 65.54% and 72.57%, respectively. The decrease in TSS was 70.52% and 72.89. Deposition of 30 and 60 minutes of tamarind seed powder to decrease BOD was 62.34% and 64.58%, respectively. The decrease in TSS was 72.98% and 84.03%. The results of statistical tests for BOD significant value of 30 and 60 minutes of deposition of moringa seed powder are 0.008 and 0.007<0.05, for TSS that is 0.002 and 0.014<0.05. BOD significant value 30 and 60 minutes of deposition of tamarind seed powder was 0.019 and 0.018 <0.05, for TSS it is 0.006 and 0.004 <0.05. The conclusion of this research is that there is a significant effect of deposition time of moringa seed powder and tamarind seed on the reduction of BOD and TSS. The largest decrease in BOD was produced by moringa seed powder and the largest decrease in TSS was produced by tamarind seed powder. The next stage of processing should be carried out so that the levels of BOD and TSS after being processed using moringa seed powder and tamarind seed can meet the standard.
Formulation And Physical Quality Of Effervescent Granules Containing Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L) Peel Dried Extract
Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L), known as a fruit plant, is also used as a medicinal plant. The parts used include pericarp (fruit peel). Rambutan peel has a high antioxidant content, but it has not been widely used and is only considered as waste. The aim of this study was to make an effervescent granule formulation from dried extract of rambutan peel which can be used as an antioxidant health drink, according to the results of previous studies on the effects of rambutan peels. Effervescent granules were made in 3 formulas with variations of PEG 6000 which functioned as granule binder. After that the granule formula was made by the dry method and physical quality testing was carried out including organoleptic test, water content, flow rate and angle of repose, density of granule, time to disperse and pH measurement of solution. The results showed that the water content for formulas A, B and C were 0.64%, 0.24% and 0.38% respectively. Results of flow velocity test of formulas A, B and C respectively are 9.82 seconds, 8.22 seconds and 8.64 seconds. Angle of repose for formulas A, B and C are 29,98o, 29,98o and 29,98o, respectively. Densities for formulas A, B and C are 0.8898 g/ml, 1.1183 g/ml and 1.5325 g/ml, respectively. The dispersion times for formulas A, B and C are 128 seconds, 107 seconds and 112 seconds, respectively. While the average pH of the granule solution for formulas A, B and C respectively was pH 6.91, pH 7.01 and pH 6.85. From the overall tests carried out on the effervescent granules of rambutan peel, it was shown that the three granule formulas met the physical quality requirements of granules, and the formula with the best physical quality among the three was formula B. This is evident from the pH value closest to neutral pH, dispersion time the fastest, the most fast flow rate and the least water content. Keywords: Effervescent Granule, PEG 6000, Rambutan peel dried extract
The Effectiveness of Deep Breathing Against Blood Pressure Reduction
Elderly is a process of disappearing in the ability of tissues to repair themselves or replace themselves and maintain their normal structure and function. The aims of this study was to find out the effectiveness of deep breathing against decreased blood pressure in the elderly who have hypertension. The study used one group pre-post test design. The sample used as many as 13 people. The study used Purposive Sampling techniques and the tool used to obtain the data. The study used a paired sample t-test with a significance value of α=0.05. The results of this study showed that there was an effect of deep breathing on the decrease in blood pressure in the elderly who had hypertension on day 1 pre and day 3 post with a value of p= 0.000<α = 0.05. There was effect of giving deep breathing to decrease blood pressure in elderly people who have hypertension on the 4th day of pre and day 6 post with a value of p= 0.000<α = 0.05. And there was an effect of giving deep breathing to the decrease in blood pressure in the elderly who have hypertension on day 7 pre and day 9 post with a value of p=0.000<α = 0.05. It was concluded that there was an effect of deep breathing on the decrease in blood pressure in the elderly who experience hypertension on days 1, 4, 7 pre and day 3, 6, 9 post Keywords: Deep Breathing, Blood pressure, Hipertenson, Elderly
Instrument of Inequality in Accessibility of Maternal and Child Health Services, for early detection of stunting: Cross-Sectional Study
Inequality of access to health services (health inequalities) triggers differences in the quality of services to vulnerable groups (mothers and children), which increases the risk of stunting. This risk is higher in poor families. The purpose of this study was to create a valid and reliable instrument to measure differences in access to maternal and child health services. The design of this study was case-control study with a retrospective cohort design, with the matching variables in the case group are poor families, the inclusion criteria are not having their own home, daily worker status, having children aged 0-23 months, registered as recipients of social assistance from the local villages. The inclusion criteria for the control group were poor families who did not have stunting children. The sample size in each group was 90 people. Statistical analysis used the Cronbach Alfa test. The results of the study found that the mother's education was generally high school in the control group and junior high school in the case group, respectively 44.4% and 33.3%. Mother's occupation is the informal sector in the control and case respectively 95.6%. Stunting between 33.3% -40% in poor families is higher in those who experience inequality in access to maternal and child health services. The results of the analysis of validity and reliability are known to have the value of Cronbach Alfa = 0.67 (Valid & Reliable). Conclusion access to maternal and child health services can be measured using the instrument. The suggestion is that this instrument can be used for the early detection of stunting risk in poor families.
Acceptence and Iron Content in Amplang with Flour Spinach Substitution (Amaranthus gangeticus)
Food is one of the primary needs for humans, because it is a source of nutrient intake for the human body. Of the many types of food ingredients that exist, one of which is a snack. The criteria for healthy snacks are vitamins, protein, and dietary fiber. One type of snack that many people like was amplang crackers. The aims of this study was to determine the acceptability and iron content of amplang with green spinach flour substitution. The type of research is experimental or laboratory research with Post Test Group Design research design. The results of the study based on the Friedman test for aspects of color, aroma, texture and taste, the best and preferred formula was X2 with a concentration of 10% and an iron content of 3.96 grams/100 grams by weight of amplang. In conclusion, green spinach flour substitution amplang is more preferred from the aspect of color, taste, aroma and texture. And it has a higher iron content than the original product. Keywords: Acceptance, Iron, Amplang, Green Spinach Flour
Content of Essential Fatty Acids in Polymeric Formula for Stunting Prevention
The problem of stunting in children is of particular concern in Indonesia. In 2024 the target prevalence was 14%. In 2021 the prevalence will reach 27.9%. Fulfillment of essential fatty acids in children is still low, even though these fatty acids have the potential to prevent stunting because of their role as nutrients in helping cell formation. The Purpose of this study was to assess the content of essential fatty acids in the form of omega-3, omega-6, DHA and EFA in polymeric formulas composed of local Indonesian foods. The research method was pre-experimental with post-test group design. The polymeric formula was made from various flours such as 20% brown rice, 20% black rice, 20% green beans, 5% carrots, 15% pumpkin, 5% fresh anchovies, 10% cornstarch, 5% refined sugar and various full cream milks 0%,10%,20% and 30%. Formulation was made in the food technology laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Health Polytechnic of Makassar and determination of fatty acid content was carried out at Sig. Laboratory Bogor, method code omega-6 (18-6-1/MU/SMM-SIG (GC)) DHA (18-6-1/MU/SMM-SIG (GC)), Omega (18-6-1/ MU/SMM-SIG (GC) and EPA (18-6-1/MU/SMM-SIG (GC). The results showed that the highest content of essential fatty acids was found in formula 1 for every 100 g of the formula containing omega-6 = 749.35 mg, omega-3 = 203.86 mg, DHA = 15.5 mg and EPA = 14.3 mg. The conclusion of this study shows that the essential fatty acid content of local food ingredients is very good, when referring to the DHANH & MRC recommendation that the fulfillment of omega-3 essential fatty acids in children aged 1-3 years of 40 mg, will meet the needs of DHA and EPA adequately. this means that formula 1 is sufficient if consumed as much as 25 g/day. Keywords: DHA, EPA, polymeric formula, Omega-3, Omega-6
The Effect of God's Crown Fruit Extract and Cinnamon Extract On Decrease Total Cholesterol Levels In Rats White Male
God’s Crown contains chemicals that can cure various diseases including detoxification, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, lowering sugar levels, blood clotting in the body, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, reducing fat deposits and cholesterol content in blood vessel walls. Cinnamon bark can lower blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, and on the other hand can increase HDL levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving God’s Crown Fruit Extract (Pheleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) and Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomum burmanii) on the reduction of total cholesterol levels in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The research method was Experimental Laboratory which was carried out at the Pharmacology and Phytochemical Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pancasakti University. The method used was propylthiouracil induction and high fat administration by measuring total cholesterol levels in male white rats using a glucometer. 15 male rats used were divided into 5 groups, namely negative control (CMC.Na 1% w/v), God’s Crown Fruit Extract and Cinnamon Extract, God’s Crown Fruit Extract 0.6% w/v, Wood Extract Sweet 1.2% w/v, positive control (Atorvastatin). Observations on the decrease in total cholesterol levels were carried out 1 day after treatment. Based on the results of the analysis using ANOVA with SPSS 25, the percentage reduction in total cholesterol levels showed that the administration of God’s Crown fruit extract and cinnamon extract, God’s Crown fruit extract 0.6% w/v, cinnamon extract 1.2% w/v , and atorvastatin showed the effect of reducing total cholesterol levels in male white rats and the administration of the fruit extract of God’s Crown and cinnamon extract which showed the best effect on reducing total cholesterol levels in male white rats. Keywords: Cholesterol, cinnamon, god's crown fruit
Acceptance and Content of Macro Nutritional Instant Baby Porridge Red Rice Flour and Soy Beans With Substitute of Moringa Leaf Flour
Complementary foods are needed for baby after six month because breast milk no longer sufficient for his nutritional needs. The purpose of this research was to determine the acceptability and macronutrient content of instant porridge with brown rice flour with the addition of soy flour and substitution of Moringa leaf flour as complementary foods. This research was a pre-experimental research with a one shot group design approach. Moringa leaf flour substitution formulas were 0%, 5%, 8% and 11%, respectively. Acceptance is tested organoleptically with the hedonic test method (preferred) by moderately trained panelists. The results of the acceptance test of the best instant porridge were calculated for the macronutrient content using the Indonesian Food Composition Table. The results of the study were analyzed descriptively qualitatively percentage. The acceptability of instant porridge on aspects of color, aroma, texture can be accepted in the substitution formula of Moringa leaf flour up to 8%, which is 60-88% of panelists like it. but the level of acceptance in the taste aspect is still low, the highest is in the addition of 5% Moringa leaf flour, namely (52% panelists). Instant porridge in 100 g contains 425.4 kcal energy, protein 20.5 g, fat 12.5, and carbohydrates 62.1 g. It was concluded that instant porridge was acceptable in the 8% Moringa leaf flour substitution formula based on the color, aroma and texture aspects, but was still low on the taste aspect. Instant porridge has met the requirements for macronutrient content as MP-ASI in 100 g of instant porridge. Keywords : Instant porridge, Moringa leaf flour,Soy beans
Literature Study of Mental Health Issues In Families (Communities) During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Observing the spread and transmission of COVID-19 in Indonesia which is increasingly concerning, the Government through Presidential Decree No. 11 of 2020 has established a Public Health Emergency. The purpose of this study was to find out an overview of family knowledge (community) about mental health problems during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research Literature Article Study, where an approach by collecting various articles related to mental health in the Covid-19 pandemic to be interpreted in the form of Narrative, 39.4 percent of respondents agreed and 26.9 percent strongly agreed that they felt bored more in the pandemic than before. Anxiety and Sadness: In addition, 41.4 percent of respondents agreed and 15.6 percent of respondents strongly agreed that they felt more anxious during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to previous conditions." Feelings of anxiety are also accompanied by feelings of sadness felt by almost 40 percent of respondents. Keywords: Mental Health, Family, Covid-19 Pandemic
Analysis of Kelch-Like Ech-Associated Protein (Keap 1) Receptors in Improving Physical Fitness (VO2max) of Indonesian Hajj Healthcare Personnel Candidates
Genetic factors affect physical fitness (VO2max) by 20-30%, since they are related to the biogenesis of mitochondria and the nuclear genome of human genes. The regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells is activated by marker NRF 2, which is KEAP 1 levels signalled by muscle contraction. The aims of this study was to identify the effect of Kelch-Like Ech-Associated Protein 1 receptor on VO2max levels in PKHI candidates. There were 30 PKHI Personnel candidates involved, whose blood samples were taken by 3 ml before and after exercise to identify KEAP 1 levels. Furthermore, VO2max was also measured using the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) technique using the Bleep Test method before and after the intervention. After that, an intervention was provided by asking them to run 1,600 meters 3 times a week for 16 times. After an interval of 1 week, VO2max was remeasured without any intervention. The data obtained were further analyzed using a statistical test of Paired Independent sample test to know the effect of NRF2 gene expression on VO2maxlevels. In addition, Mann Whitney Test was also performed aiming to see the trend of VO2maxretention changes post-exercise 1 and post-exercise 2 (SPSS 21, Chicago Inc.). EEwas able to change KEAP 1 levels pre-and post-exercise by 0.16 (pg/dL) even though the changes were not significant. In addition, VO2maxalso increased at an average of 15.50 ml/kg/mt even though the changes were not significantly either even after one week of EE period. Keywords: KEAP 1 Receptors, Physical Fitness, VO2max, PKHI
Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Blood Glucose Management in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
The COVID-19 pandemic increases the risk of mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. This is due to the implementation of social restriction policies that can change patterns of physical activity, food consumption, psychological pressure, and medical history which will affect blood glucose management compliance in patients with DM. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood glucose management in patients with DM. This study was literature review by searching four databases (Pubmed, Science direct, Microsoft Academic, and Wiley) for searches of past research on the same theme published in 2020-2021. The prism checklist is used as a protocol and evaluation, and critical appraisal is used to test the feasibility of the study results to be used. 12 articles were found that met the inclusion criteria. The results of the study consisted of case control, cohort, and cross sectional research with the total number of participants from 12 studies of 3,131 respondents. Things that affect the improvement of blood glucose management during the pandemic are the use of CGM, telemedicine, and improving the quality of life. While the things that affect the decrease in blood glucose management during the pandemic are the increase in psychological pressure, difficulty accessing health services, not monitoring blood glucose, as well as a decrease in physical activity and dietary compliance. The COVID-19 pandemic can affect improving blood glucose management and decreasing blood glucose management in patients with DM.
Different Effect of Lateral Glide Mulligan and Ventral Glide Kaltenborn on Changes in Lumbal Range of Motion and Functional Capacity on Chronic Low Back Pain
Chronic low back pain is pain that lasts more than 12 weeks and occurs repeatedly, causing limitation of lumbar Range of Motion (ROM) and decreased functional capacity. A quasi-experimental study with a randomized pre test - post test two group design, knowing the difference in effectiveness between the combination of Microwave Diathermy (MWD) and Lateral Glide Mulligan or Ventral Glide Kaltenborn in Chronic Low Back Pain randomized into 2 groups, namely group of I given MWD and Lateral Glide Mulligan and group of treatment II were given MWD and Ventral Glide Kaltenborn. Analysis of paired sample t test in the treatment data group I obtained p value = 0.038 flexion, p value = 0.000 extension, p value = 0.025 lateral flexion, and p value = 0.003 FTSTS. Treatment data group II obtained p value = 0.000 flexion, p value = 0.030 extension, p value = 0.015 lateral flexion, and p value = 0.045 FTSTS. In the data above, treatments I and II showed a significant effect of the combination of Microwave Diathermy (MWD) and Lateral Glide Mulligan or Ventral Glide Kaltenborn. Then, independent t test obtained p value = 0.705 flexion, p value = 0.333 extension, p value = 0.657 lateral flexion, and p value = 0.451 FTSTS, meaning there was no significant difference between treatment group I and treatment group II. The conclusion of this study is that the combination of MWD and Lateral Glide Mulligan is not more effective than the combination of MWD and Ventral Glide Kaltenborn on changes in lumbar ROM and functional capacity in patients with chronic low back pain.
Effectiveness Combination Muscle Energy Technique and Strain Counterstrain Lumbar and Functional Changes to The Range of Motion in Patients With Non Specific Low Back Pain
Non Specific Low Back Paingenerally caused by community activities such as sitting, standing, lifting, and household activity in the long term. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in effectiveness between the combination of muscle energy technique, strain counterstrain and muscle energy technique on changes in lumbar ROM and functional in patients. This research was a quasi-experimental design with randomized control group pre test - post test. The research was conducted in the village of Gattareng Bulukumba, the sample was a patient Non Specific Low Back Pain in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The number of samples is 22 people who were randomly divided into 2 groups: the treatment granted MET and SCS 11 persons and a control group was given MET as many as 11 people. Based on the analysis of paired samples t in the control group obtained a value of p <0.05 for the ROM of flexion, lateral flexion and lumbar functional, which means that the MET and SCS intervention can result in increased ROM extension, lateral flexion and lumbar significant functional. While the treatment group also obtained a value of p <0.05 for ROM extension, lateral flexion and lumbar functional, which means that the MET intervention can result in increased ROM extension, lateral flexion and lumbar significant functional. Based on independent sample t test obtained by value of p <0.05 for ROM extension, lateral flexion and lumbar functional, which means that intervention SCS MET and MET was not more effective than to increase ROM extension, lateral flexion and lumbar functional. The MET and SCs are not significantly more effective than the MET to increased ROM extension, lateral flexion ROM, and functional ability in patients with Non Specific Low Back Pain.
Nursing Strategy to Protect Post-Partum Mothers from Covid-19 at RS TK II Pelamonia
Postpartum is the period from a few hours after the birth of the placenta to 6 weeks after delivery. Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new type of corona virus. The purpose of the study was to know the nursing strategy to protect post partum mothers from covid-19 at the Pelamonia TK II Hospital. This study uses a descriptive type of research with cross sectional. Sampling using non-probability sampling technique with simple random sampling method, there are 55 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The results of the univariate analysis showed an overview of breastfeeding, prevention of postpartum complications, postnatal education and COVID-19. Conclusions based on the research that the researchers did above, here it can be seen that pregnant women are very susceptible to being affected by covid-19 and this is a problem that can threaten both mother and baby. So with this researcher, I conclude that this covid-19 disease is a new threat for postpartum mothers, therefore it is necessary to be aware of it and also need to do early prevention so that maternal and infant mortality does not occur, therefore I hope some have become research that can be applied and also in the future can be developed into further research.
Quick Response Code Osteoarthritis Exercise to Improve Life Quality of the Elderly in Covid-19 Pandemic
Regarding the high prevalence of osteoarthritis cases that are vulnerable to the elderly group, So as an effort to avoid the occurrence of osteoarthritis in the elderly by getting physiotherapist services, but since the beginning of 2020 there has been a Covid-19 pandemic. This situation becomes a barrier for the elderly to get direct services from physiotherapist, because the elderly are one of the groups that have a high risk of being infected with the virus. Based on this, we innovate to take advantage of technological sophistication as a solution to thedelay in physiotherapy services so that it can be developed as a means of telephysiotherapy in facilitating control of the elderly or providing virtual exercise and education that is easy to understand and to do independently. In line with this, theresearch team utilized smartphone technology through the use of a quick response (QR) code as a means of providing exercise to help the elderly avoid osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the QR code in providing exercise to improve the quality of life of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used in this research was a study case with 10 elderly respondents. The results obtained from this study are 8 out of 10 elderly respondents experienced an increase from pre-test to post-test after exercise through QR Code. The use of QR Code as a means of telephysiotherapy in providing effective exercise to improving the quality of life of the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, elderly, covid-19, QR code
Analysis of the Relationship of Drug Side Effects and Tuberculosis Patient's Compliance After Treating With Drug Synthesis and Herbal Medicine
Most of the problems caused by long-term use of TB drugs are adverse drug reactions or side effects of the TB drugs. The high problem of TB in Indonesia is caused by, among other things, case finding and complete treatment, which are less rapid than the spread of the disease. The main goal of treating TB patients is to reduce mortality and morbidity and prevent transmission by curing patients. The prevalence of tuberculosis in men is 3 times higher than in women. The same is happening in other countries. This happens because men are more exposed to TB risk factors such as smoking, exposure to air in the work environment and lack of non-compliance to taking medication. The diverse composition of TB drugs with the aim of being antimicrobial makes drug side effects difficult to avoid so that patient compliance becomes a problem in carrying out TB treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the side effects of drugs that occur and the level of patient compliance to taking medicationand to analyze the relationship between the two effects. This research was a quantitative research with a cross sectional study design. This study used a survey method using a questionnaire instrument with the aim of analyzing the relationship between drug side effects and patient compliance. The sample size in this study was 200 respondents. The research locations were 4 community health centers (Puskesmas) and 1 Makassar community lung health center. Data processing and analysis techniques in this study used univariate and multivariate analysis which can be used to confirm that there is a relationship between drug side effects and patient compliance. The results showed that the side effects of drugs greatly affect patient compliance in carrying out TB treatment. Keywords: Drug side effects, patient compliance and tuberculosis
Antioxidant Compound Profile and Total Flavonoid Levels of Ethanolic Extract 70% and 96% Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Burmannii)
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) is a spice plant that commonly used by the community as an additive in food processing and as one of pharmaceutical ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry. Cinnamon is known to contain secondary metabolites as bioactive compounds that can be used as a source of exogenous antioxidants that could treat various degenerative diseases. However, the obstacle that often occurs in research on natural materials is when the chemical components was extracted as bioactive compounds that contained in these natural materials. Therefore, the exploration of cinnamon as a natural antioxidant is very necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of antioxidant compounds in the ethanol extract of cinnamon bark and to determine the total flavonoid content. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 70% and 96% ethanol as solvent. Detection of the content of antioxidant compounds in the extract was carried out using the TLC method, the resulting spot was sprayed with DPPH reagent. Total flavonoid content was determined by using quercetin as the comparison standard based on colorimetric principles and measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 400 – 500 nm. The results of the analysis showed that each of the 5 spots on the TLC chromatogram was observed using at 254nm UV lamp. Detection of antioxidant compounds showed that there were 2 compounds that had antioxidants quality, they were the 3rd and 4th spots. The total flavonoid content of 70% ethanol extract was 49.65% or equivalent to 496.5 mgQE/g extract, while in 96% ethanol it was 29.08% or equivalent to 290.8 mgQE/g extract. Therefore, it can be concluded that the highest total of flavonoid content was obtained in 70% ethanol extract. Keywords: Antioxidant, extract, flavonoid, cinnamom burmannii
The Construction a Model of the Community Empowerment to Prevention, Preparedness and Response Disaster Emergency
There are various methods or models of community empowerment, both in theory and in practice, policies and programs, in reality, none of them are really effective in overcoming various problems in the community, including in terms of prevention and preparedness for disaster emergencies. The aims of this study was to analyze and explain the development of community empowerment methods or models in disaster prevention and preparedness and disaster emergency response. The type of research was descriptive qualitative, with a case study design, phenomenology, exploratory-explanative, analytic-comparative, evaluative. The research location was in Bili-Bili Village, Bonto Marannu District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The sample was 125 families with purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques are library research, documentation, observation, questionnaires, interviews and FGDs. The data were analyzed with a qualitative approach. Results and conclusions, community empowerment is not optimal due to the presence of internal and external factors both in society and the government as well as the weakness of the empowerment method used. The construction of the community empowerment method or model developed includes four domains, namely the core domain includes awareness, capacity building, empowerment, and civilizing, the second domain includes the involvement of formal institutions and non-formal institutions, the third domain includes potentials, constraints, disadvantages and advantages, and the domain The fourth includes assessment subvariables and indicators. Implication: without the application of the model, it is difficult to achieve empowerment goals and targets it. Keywords: model, empowerment, prevention, disaster preparedness.
Analysis of Levels Blood Cholinesterase and Factors of Defects of Pesticides in Farmer Spraying of Rice in the Pakalu Village Kallabirang District Bantimurung
The use of pesticides is one of the iceberg phenomena for working groups engaged in agriculture. In the 20th century synthetic pesticides were discovered and have various advantages so that they can quickly increase the yield of a desired agricultural product. Anticholinesterase insecticides are the largest part of modern synthetic insecticides which are widely used in plant pest control. This aims of the study was to analyze the factors of poisoning in farmers who spray pesticides on rice plants in Kallabirang Village, Bantimurung District. The type of research used was analytic with a cross sectional research design. The population and the sample is female pesticide spraying farmers living in Pakalu, Kallabirang Village, Maros Regency. The number of samples was 50 samples. Farmers and the sampling technique was total sampling. The data obtained will be analyzed using a bivariate statistical test, namely Chi square. The results after processing and analyzing the data using a statistical test, namely Chi square, the following results were obtained; for the variable method of spraying, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), the frequency of spraying p value < 0.05 this means that there is a statistically significant relationship with cholinesterase levels, while for the variable spraying time and working period p value > 0.05 means that there is no a statistically significant relationship with cholinesterase levels in the blood of pesticide spraying farmers in Pakalu Hamlet, Kallabirang Village, Bantimurung Maros District. For further researchers can examine other relevant variables such as personal hygiene, nutritional status, types of pesticides used and other variables. Keywords: blood cholinesterase farmer spraying pesticide
A Method of Stunting Reduction Intervention Based on Community and Local Culture
Policies and programs to reduce stunting by specific and sensitive nutrition intervention methods tend to be one-sided and top-down, namely based on the will of the government alone without paying attention to the wishes, interests and needs of the community and local culture. The aim of the study was to analyze specific and sensitive nutrition intervention methods for stunting reduction based on the community and local culture. A quantitative-qualitative descriptive as kind of research. Design by Case study, analytic, evaluative, phenomenological, exploratory – comparative. South Bontonompo District, Gowa Regency as location. Purposive sampling used to take 4 villages and 100 families. Data collected by literature study, documentation, observation, questionnaires, interviews. Data analysis with qualitative descriptive. The results of this study was development of community-based and local culture-based stunting reduction intervention methods covers five domains, namely: Core domains: analysis of potential, constraints, disadvantages and advantages; The domain of institutional roles is both formal government institutions (leading sector and lining sector) and non-formal community institutions in implementing any intervention methods. The domain of upholding the local culture include the reproductive health care culture, clean and healthy and prosperous culture, nurturing and caring for children culture, and the culture of nutrition and eating; The domain of coordination and cooperation, as well as the participation and role of all relevant parties and institutions; SWOT analysis domain. Recommendations, the Government and empowerment parties/institutions need to consider the application of the five domains of stunting reduction intervention methods. Keywords: method, based, local culture, community
Analysis Affecting the Event of Low Birth Weight Babies in Aisyiyah St. Khadijah Hospital Pinrang Regency on 2020
A child's weight at birth is an important indicator of a child's susceptibility to disease and chances of survival. Children with birth weight < 2.5 kilograms have a higher risk of early childhood death. The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) babies in 2018 worldwide was 60% in Africa and South Asia. Indonesia is recorded as being ranked ninth in the world with an LBW percentage of more than 15.5% of births every year. In Indonesia, in 2019 there were 20,224 neonatal deaths, 35.3% due to low birth weight. In South Sulawesi, In 2019 there were 714 neonatal deaths with the highest cause of death caused by LBW (36.69%) of which 4.31% occurred in Pinrang Regency, while the data obtained from the Hospital. Aisyiyah St. Khadijah Pinrang Regency recorded 1,522 births of which 3.94% were born with low birth weight. . The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of LBW in the hospital. Aisyiyah St. Khadijah Pinrang Regency in 2020. The research method used is an analytical survey with a Retrospective Cohort approach, the total sampling technique is sampling with a total sample of 1148. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that age and history of preterm delivery had a significant relationship with the incidence of LBW, while anemia and parity did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of LBW. Although in the statistical analysis on anemia and parity there was no significant relationship there were 2.7% of anemic mothers who gave birth to low birth weight babies as well as wit. A child's weight at birth is an important indicator of a child's susceptibility to disease and chances of survival. Children with birth weight < 2.5 kilograms have a higher risk of early childhood death. The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) babies in 2018 worldwide was 60% in Africa and South Asia. Indonesia is recorded as being ranked ninth in the world with an LBW percentage of more than 15.5% of births every year. In Indonesia, in 2019 there were 20,224 neonatal deaths, 35.3% due to low birth weight. In South Sulawesi, In 2019 there were 714 neonatal deaths with the highest cause of death caused by LBW (36.69%) of which 4.31% occurred in Pinrang Regency, while the data obtained from the Hospital. Aisyiyah St. Khadijah Pinrang Regency recorded 1,522 births of which 3.94% were born with low birth weight. . The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of LBW in the hospital. Aisyiyah St. Khadijah Pinrang Regency in 2020. The research method used is an analytical survey with a Retrospective Cohort approach, the total sampling technique is sampling with a total sample of 1148. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that age and history of preterm delivery had a significant relationship with the incidence of LBW, while anemia and parity did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of LBW. Although in the statistical analysis on anemia and parity there was no significant relationship there were 2.7% of anemic mothers who gave birth to low birth weight babies as well as wit.
Knowledge of Prevention Tuberculosis Disease in Makassar City of South Sulawesi Province
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with the incidence rate in Indonesia ranked third after China and India and attacked all age groups of people. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) it was reported that Indonesia was one of the 22 countries in the world that has a high burden of TB lungs and ranks third after China and India for TB cases. The incidence of TB cases Lung with BTA (+) in South Sulawesi Province (2013) reported as many as 8,902 cases found in the male type as many as 5,259 cases (59.08%) and in the female sex as many as 3,643 (40.92%) The purpose of this study was to find out the knowledge picture of tuberculosis disease prevention knowledge of the people of Makassar City from aspects knowledge of tuberculosis disease source control, knowledge of tuberculosis disease agent control, and knowledge of increasing body resistance to tuberculosis disease. The type of research was descriptive. The research population was a community domiciled in the Makassar city area. A sample of 335 people was obtained by multi-stage sampling. Research results Overview of knowledge of tuberculosis disease prevention of the people of Makassar City aspects of controlling the source of tuberculosis disease in general category good; Aspects of increasing the body's resistance to tuberculosis disease in general category good; description of the prevention of tuberculosis disease prevention of the people of Makassar City in general category good.
Acceptability and Protein Levels of Bassang with Addition of Tempe
Bassang is a typical food of South Sulawesi consisting of glutinous corn, cornstarch, coconut milk and sugar which has a low protein content. Protein has an essential function in the body. Tempe is a food that contains high protein that is beneficial for the body. The aims of this study was to measure the acceptance and protein content of bassang with addition of tempe. The type of research was laboratory experimental research withresearch post test group design. Acceptance was assessed based on the results of a hedonic test of 30 panelists conducted at the Organoleptic Laboratory of the Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes, Ministry of Health, Makassar. Protein content was analyzed using themethod micro kjedhal at the Laboratory of Quality Control SMK SMTI Makassar. The data is presented in the form of tables and narratives. The results showed that the most preferred color was bassang with the addition of tempe with a concentration of 40%. The most preferredis aroma bassang with the addition of tempe with a concentration of 30%. The most preferred texture is bassang with the addition of tempe at a concentration of 30% and 40%. The most preferred taste is bassang with the addition of tempe with a concentration of 40%. The protein content of bassang with the addition of tempe was the best from the acceptability result, which was a concentration of 40% and the results showed that the protein content per 100 grams of material was 4.155 grams. The most preferred concentration is bassang with the addition of tempe with a concentration of 40%. The protein content of bassang with the addition of tempe is the best from the results of acceptance, which is a concentration of 40% and the results of the protein content per 100 grams of material are 4.155 grams.
The Comparison Between Extracts of Basil Leaves (Ocimum sanctum) and Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya) in Killing Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes
Mosquitoes are a medium for transmitting certain diseases which are classified as vector borne diseases. The disease that is spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito is dengue fever. According to data compiled by the Ministry of Health, dengue cases in Indonesia until July 2020 reached 71,633 cases and in 2019 there were 112,954 cases. The control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can use vegetable insecticides, such as the use of basil leaves which have chemical compounds of flavonoids and saponins. Papaya leaves also contain chemical tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. These toxic compounds can cause the death of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The study aims was to compare the ability of basil leaf extract (Ocimum sanctum) and papaya leaves (Carica papaya) in killing Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The type of research used was experimental. The samples in this study were 20 Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that were presented using basil leaf extract and papaya leaves with concentrations of 55%, 60% and 65%, with a spray method for 60 minutes. The results showed that there were differences in the results of basil leaf extract trials with papaya leaf extract. Concentrations that reach a mortality percentage of 80% are at a concentration of 65% found in basil leaf extract, while in papaya leaf extract the percentage of death obtained is 70% at a concentration of 65%. Both extracts meet lethal consentration standards. Keywords: Particulate Matter, Merchants, Respiratory Disorders
The Different Effect of Hold Relax and Contrax Relax on Pain and Range of Motion in Knee Joint Osteoarthritis
The different effects of hold relax and contrax relax on pain and range of motion in knee joint osteoarthritis. This study aims was to determine the difference in the effect of hold relax and contrax relax on pain and range of motion in knee joint osteoarthritis. This study was an experimental study involving the treatment variables, namely hold relax and contrax relax, while the response variables were pain and range of motion of the knee joint. The research design was Quasy experiment with pretest-post test two group design. The study population was 20 patients with osteoarthritis at the Hospital Sayang Rakyat Makassar, the sample of the study were osteoarthritis patients referred to a physiotherapy clinic who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria as many as 20 people, with a purposive sampling technique divided into 2 (two) groups, each with a total of 20 people. 10 people. This study used VAS to measure pain before and after giving the intervention twice a week for 4 weeks. The results showed that there was no significant difference between hold relax and contract relax on reducing pain and ROM in patients. Both are good for treating painful conditions caused by knee joint osteoarthritis. Keywords: Hold relax, Contrax relax, Pain, osteoarthritis
The Comparison Results of Examination of Platelet Counts using EDTA Blood and Sodium Citrate Using Hematology Analyzer
The Platelet count is one of the most important examinations for various cases both involving hemostasis and other cases, including establishing the diagnosis, evaluating the outcome of therapy or the course of a disease, determining the prognosis, and assessing the severity of the disease. So in doing so, we must pay attention to the pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic stages. One of the factors that influence platelet count is the use of anticoagulants, which sometimes the use of EDTA anticoagulants can cause cases of pseudo thrombocytopenia, so it is necessary to re-draw blood using Sodium Citrate anticoagulant. This study aimed to determine the Comparison of Platelet Count Examination Results using EDTA blood and Sodium Citrate is a Hematology Analyzer. This study applied a descriptive with a sample of 7 patients with a purposive sampling technique. This research was carried out at the Prodia Manado laboratory from April to May 2020. Data were obtained and analyzed using paired sample t-test. The research findings showed an average number of platelets using EDTA blood of 92.71 (* 10³ / µL) and Sodium Citrate 197.71 (* 10³ / µL) with a (p-value) sig (2-tailed) of 0.001 < alpha value (0.05), thus it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the number of platelets using EDTA blood and Sodium Citrate in the Hematology Analyzer. Keywords: Thrombocyte, EDTA, Na Citrate, Hematology Analyzer